Solving the bacterial genome Visualizing chromosome segregation Biology Diagrams
BlogSolving the bacterial genome Visualizing chromosome segregation Biology Diagrams Rearrangements arising from chromosome shattering are likely to be frequent in chromosomally unstable cells exhibiting high rates of chromosome segregation errors, especially those deficient in Chromosome segregation errors during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions give rise to aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy can be frequently detected in the genome of cancer cells 1 or individuals with developmental disorders, and is the leading cause of spontaneous miscarriages after fertilization.
To examine the impact of chromosome segregation errors on chromosome integrity, we treated hTert-immortalized, nontransformed human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE-1) cells with Monastrol to induce formation of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments, in which one kinetochore is attached to both spindle poles (3, 6).Subsequent release from the Monastrol block causes a high incidence of
Chromosome Segregation Errors Generate a Diverse Spectrum of Simple and ... Biology Diagrams
Mitotic cells face the challenging task of ensuring accurate and equal segregation of their duplicated, condensed chromosomes between the nascent daughter cells. Errors in the process result in To test whether chromosome segregation errors directly provoke gross chromosomal rearrangements, Y chromosome paint probes were hybridized to metaphase spread preparations. A majority (59ยฑ8%, 92/153 metaphases) of cells examined from CEN-SELECT harbored at least one type of Y-specific structural change ( Fig. 2a ) with different alterations Chromosome segregation errors may also involve fragments of whole chromosomes. A major consequence of segregation defects is change in the relative dosage of products from genes located on the missegregated chromosomes. Abnormal expression of transcriptional regulators can also impact genes on the properly segregated chromosomes.
Errors in chromosome segregation are common during the mitotic divisions of preimplantation development in mammalian embryos, giving rise to so-called 'mosaic' embryos possessing a mixture of euploid and aneuploid cells. Mosaicism is widely considered to be detrimental to embryo quality and is frequently used as criteria to select embryos for transfer in human fertility clinics. In order to understand what causes non-random segregation errors of chromosomes, one must understand the basic principles governing chromosome segregation during cell division. We will therefore briefly discuss the general steps of mitosis and meiosis ( Figure 2 ).
